Jet A-1 is the standard international grade of aviation turbine fuel used in most commercial and civil aircraft worldwide (except mainly in the U.S., where Jet A is used).
It is a highly refined kerosene-type fuel produced from crude oil, designed for gas turbine (jet) engines.
Jet A-1 is defined by ASTM D1655, DEF STAN 91-91, and the AFQRJOS Check List, ensuring uniform quality for civil aviation.
Its distinguishing feature compared to Jet A is its lower freezing point (–47 °C), allowing reliable performance at high altitude and low temperatures.
| Property | Unit | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|
| Density at 15 °C | kg/m³ | 775 | 840 |
| Flash point | °C | 38 | – |
| Freezing point | °C | – | −47 |
| Kinematic viscosity at −20 °C | mm²/s | 8.0 | – |
| Sulphur content (total) | % (m/m) | – | 0.30 |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons | % (v/v) | – | 25 |
| Naphthalenes | % (v/v) | – | 3.0 |
| Hydrogen content | % (m/m) | 13.4 | – |
| Distillation – 10 % recovered | °C | – | 205 |
| Distillation – Final boiling point | °C | – | 300 |
| Smoke point | mm | 25 | – |
| Net heat of combustion | MJ/kg | 42.8 | – |
| Acidity (total acid number) | mg KOH/g | – | 0.10 |
| Electrical conductivity | pS/m | 50 | 600 |
| Water reaction (interface rating) | – | Pass | – |
| Existent gum (washed) | mg/100 mL | – | 7.0 |
| Thermal stability (JFTOT, 260 °C) | mm deposit | – | 3.0 |
| Appearance | – | Clear and bright | – |
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